REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
earning Objective: By the in addition to of the lesson, the learners should live able to
a. Define reproduction
b. Describe the construction of the manly mortal reproductive system
c. Describe the construction of the woman mortal reproductive system
d. State the functions of the diverse parts
e. Draw in addition to label the structures of the reproductive gametes
:
While organisms undergo reproduction, they create immature ones of their kinds, the purpose of which to ensure continuity of life. Each reproductive organisation create reproductive gametes in addition to their gametes fur to shape a zygote which at nowadays educate into an organisms.
–Reproduction
REPRODUCTION: is the mightiness of mature living organisms to give me to novel individuals of the same specie inwards guild to ensure continuity of life
REPRODUCTION is of 2 types
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
asexual reproduction requires alone 1 private in addition to no gametes are involved.
methods of asexual reproduction volition include
binary fission inwards amoeba, bacteria
fragmentation in flatworms
budding inwards hydra
sporulation inwards bacteria in addition to fungi
pathenogenesis inwards wasp in addition to to a greater extent than or less bees
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: is the type that postulate the fusion of gametes to shape zygote which latter develops into a immature organisms. It must live noted that piece sexual reproduction involves 2 mature organisms, asexual reproduction involves alone 1 private without gametes. Sexual reproduction yet is based on 2 critical wants inwards life.
MEOSIS
Fertilization
These 2 events but changes the number of chromosome sets inwards cells.
MEOSIS: is a prison theatre cellphone sectionalization that has the number of chromosome laid inwards the muscles of a prison theatre cellphone to create haploid
Gametes. Fertilization is the fusion of the 2 haploid gametes from 2 dissimilar individuals to create a diploid zygote.
It must live noted that organisms produced from sexual reproduction tend to present venations from their parents in addition to from 1 to to a greater extent than or less other every bit a final result of the meiotic procedure called crossing over at Chiasma.
Importance of sexual reproduction
1. It innovate genetic venations alongside organisms
2. It encourages the survival of organism with best adoptive features
3. It encourages the diverseness of species.
Step 2: STRUCTURE OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS
Generally, mammals are unisexual ( convey split sexes) hence they tend to convey a viperous reproductive.
Process-viperous:- they give nascency to at that topographic point immature ones live from fertilized internal eggs
Some are oviparous piece others are ovoviviparous.
The next parts brand upwardly the manly mortal reproductive organisation
a. Testes
Functions: testes create spermatozoa
It produces the manly mortal sexual practice hormone (testosterone) \
b. Seminiferous tubules:
: Site of production of sperm
c. Epidemics:
: Site of storage of sperm
d. Vas deferens/sperm duct:
: Conduct sperm cells from the eponyms to the seminal vesicle.
e. Seminal vesicle:
: It shop sperm temporarily earlier ejaculation
: secretes an release energy packed fructose fluid that upwardly component of semen
f. Prostate gland:
: Function: secretes the prostate fluid that constitute component of the semen (which activates the sperm during ejaculation)
g. Cowper’s gland:
: secretes the component of seminal fluid which serves every bit a buffer to neutralize the pit of the vagina
h. Urethra (4cm 9-12cm)
: As delivery underground for semen into the vagina
: As a delivery underground for urine
1. PENIS: this muscular organ with a head called the glans penis helps to innovate semen into the vagina
It is erectile inwards construction thus aroused, the spongy tissue acquire engorged with blood in addition to the osmatic push clit per unit of measurement area keeps the pens difficult in addition to erect ready for thrusting into the vaginal wall.
FEMALE REPRODUCTION SYSTEM IN ANIMALS
The woman mortal reproduction organisation lies mostly internal alone a few structures tin live seen outside.
The external sepultures
: Vulva: inches
1. Labia major
2. Labia minor
3. Lower component of vagina
FUNCTION:
Allow the passage of penis into the vagina
Allow the passage of fetus during birth
Allow the passage of urine exterior the body
INTERNAL STRUCTURED INCLUDE:
1. VAGINA: this is a muscular underground that leads from the inters to the vulva. Here the perms check inwards daring cactus. Most times became of its role inwards transmitting the fetus
from the uterus to the outside, it is called the nascency canal.
FUNCTION: receives sperm from penis during intercourse
1. Serves every bit nascency canal
2. Provides natural springtime path for menses
CERVIX: this band of musculus command the oral fissure of the uterus in addition to so command the relation of the uterus during labour
UTERUS: this is the muscular organ where the foetus develops into a baby. It has three layers commencement from the innermost are
1. Endometrium
2. Myometrium
3. Perimetrium
The endometrium is the layer where a fertilized egg is implanted for development
OVIDUCT: this long narrow underground receives eggs from the ovary during ovulation using its finger similar projections called fimbrae
FUNCTION: it is the sight for fertilization (ampulla) it is the passage agency of egg from ovary to uterus
OVARY: Produce eggs in addition to release the woman mortal hormones
CD2: THE GAMETES
STEP 1 the sperm
The lift gamete is but defined every bit a mature sexual practice cell. The procedure of formation of gamete is known every bit gametogenesis
The manly mortal gamete is the sperm prison theatre cellphone in addition to its formation procedure is called spermatogenesis
The woman mortal gamete is the egg or ovum. Its procedure of formation is Oogenesis. The structures where gamete are produced are called GONADS the sperm cells are produced inwards the somniferous tubules of the testes in addition to stored inwards the epididymis its construction shows that it is made upwardly of three parts
1. The head
2. The pump slice
3. The tail
The caput contains the muscles where genes are located in addition to it is covered past times a membrane called the acrosome
The pump slice is filled with mitochondria for release energy provision
The sperm cells measures almost 0.05MM inwards size. H5N1 sexually developed manly mortal has almost 3million sperm cells inwards each mm3 of sperm
STEP2 : EGG CELL:
The egg or ovum is produced inwards the woman mortal glands called ovaries. The ovum measures almost 0.1mm inwards diameter it is made upwardly of the cytoplasm, muscles, yolk in addition to membranes. the membranes surrounds in addition to protect the ovum shape damage. The outer membrane is the vitelline membrane piece the inner membrane is the nuclear or prison theatre cellphone membrane. During fertilization, the acrosome of the sperm prison theatre cellphone digests the surface epithelium to gain access to the nucleus. An acrosional reaction colure straight off a sperm prison theatre cellphone enters the muscles so that no other sperm prison theatre cellphone tin gain access
STEP three : COMPARISON
SPERM EGG
1. It is motile non motile
2. It is smaller cytoplasm has larger cytoplasm
3. No yolk present yolk is present
4. Not visible to the eye to a greater extent than or less are visible
5. It has a tail no tail present
6. Present of head absence of head
Learning Objectives
By the halt of this lesson, the studies should to able to.
a. Describe the reproductive organisation of fishes, birds in addition to reptiles
b. Draw in addition to label each of the reproduction organisation inwards a above
Step1: Fishes belong to the shape called Pisces. They exhibit external fertilization. The males convey a twain of testes in addition to manly mortal duct which leads to a genital opening called the cloacae.
Diagram of manly mortal reproduction organisation of tilapia fish
The woman mortal on the other paw convey a twain of ovaries which create egg cells with a little amount of yolk. These eggs are discharged into the torso cavity in addition to are wanted into the oviducts which opened upwardly inwards the cloaca.
Step2: Reptiles
The manly mortal lizard has 2 testes located inwards the abdomen. The correct testis is slightly higher inwards seat than the left. From the testes, the sperms are conducted to tiny tubes known every bit Vasa differentia which leads to the Epididymis. The sperm cells overstep out through the penis. Each penis is hallow in addition to cylindrical in addition to both release sperms into the woman mortal for internal fertilization.
The females convey 2 ovaries which release egg into the abdomen in addition to past times the activity of cilia, the egg moves downwards the oviduct. As the egg moves down, albumen in addition to yolk is deposited, fertilization is internal
Birds
Males convey 2 large in addition to ovoid testes attached to the outer border of the kidney. Males by in addition to large arrive at non convey a penis but the sperm duct swells upwardly at the base of operations to let sperm cells to accumulate. They are released into the woman mortal during copulation when the cloaca come upwardly inwards contact.
Female convey alone the left ovary functional. The ovary release eggs and yolk which are received past times the infundibulum. At the magnum, albumen in addition to chalaza are secreted piece the 2 rhythm out membranes are added at the isthmus. The egg rhythm out is formed at the uterus. As long every bit spermatozoa are acquaint inwards the organisation the egg tin live fertilized fifty-fifty though it has to live done earlier albumen is formed.
Fertilization is internal inwards birds
Mammals by in addition to large arrive at non lay eggs so they are viviparous the ovum 1 time fertilized past times the sperm undergo amitotic sectionalization to move a Morulla (16 cells stage). The morulla cleaves to move a blastula in addition to gets implanted inwards the uterus. The blastula educate into an embryo in addition to to a greater extent than or less of the prison theatre cellphone shape a placenta, linking embryo uterine lining. Organs such every bit the pump develops in addition to afterward 8 weeks the embryo is called a Fetus.
adaptive features
The adaptive features of the developing embryo include
1. Uterus: it is where the embryo is educate in addition to obtain its nourishment.
2. Placenta: establishes an intimate connectedness betwixt the embryo in addition to the mother The placenta Carries oxygen H2O in addition to nutrient from the mother’s blood to the embryo’s blood.
It every bit good removes excretory wastes similar urea, tabular array salt carbon dioxide from the embryo’s blood in addition to puts it into mother’s blood flow for elimination. It every bit good produces hormones which assistance the woman nurture to accommodate to pregnancy.
3. Amnion: amnion is the innermost membrane which is filled with amniotic fluid. This fluid cushions in addition to protects the developing embryo from physical impairment arising from shaking in addition to jarring. It neutralizes the final result of changes of external temperature.
4. Chorion: forms the outermost membrane enveloping all other membranes absorbing oxygen through the porous shell
5. Allantois: adios respiration in addition to excretion of the embryo
6. Yolk sac: provides digested nutrient for the developing embryo
7. Umbilical card: this cord helps
1. Attach the embryo to placenta
2. Carry blood of fetus to in addition to for the mother
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