Topic 15: Histology - Written Report Of Tissues (Szövettan)

Tissue:  a grouping of cells that are structurally similar, convey the same beginning in addition to perform the same function.

Here nosotros volition live looking specifically at animate beingness tissues, although plants too convey tissues.

Each sort of animate beingness tissue forms from 1 of the three germ layers that differentiate really early on inwards development.
Ectoderm gives rising to peel in addition to the nervous system, including the feel organs
Mesoderm gives rising to muscles, bones, the circulatory system, the reproductive scheme in addition to the excretory scheme (kidneys).
Endoderm gives rising to the digestive scheme in addition to the respiratory tract.

The to a greater extent than than 200 dissimilar jail cellphone types tin live grouped into four tissue types:
epithelial (hám)
connection (kötő)
musculus (izom)
nervus (ideg)

EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Epithelium:  single or multiple layers of cells that embrace trunk surfaces or business internal cavities in addition to shape glands (mirigyek).  They are attached to a basement membrane (alaplemez) of collagen (for strength) in addition to are linked to each other past times junctions.  There are no blood vessels inwards the epithelium, rather food in addition to gas central occur past times diffusion.  The functions of the epithelium include protection from injury in addition to infection, some absorption, secretion (from glands) in addition to stimulus reception (ingerfelvétel)

Classification
A.  True epithelium (fedőhám):  single jail cellphone layer, forms sparse linings
i) squamous epithelium (laphám) - apartment cells that shape sparse sheets, permeable to diffusion. eg. business blood capillaries, alveoli (tüdőholyagocskák)

ii) cuboidal epithelium (köbhám) - unmarried layer of cuboid cells, may convey microvilli (mikrobolyhok), ofttimes involved inwards absorption in addition to scecretion.  eg. business constituent of gut, respiratory tract in addition to kidney tubules





Source:  http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/white-blood-cell.htm

iii.  Platelets (vérlemezkék)

- tiny

-very of import inwards blood clotting

Source:  http://hematologyoutlines.com/atlas_topics/165

Spongy os 100x
Source:  http://employee.lsc.edu/faculty/BrianBich/Picture%20Library/Forms/DispForm.aspx?ID=578

End of femur bone

Source:  http://www.gla.ac.uk/t4/ fbls/files/fab/tutorial/generic/bonet.html

c) Blood

- cells inwards watery matrix (blood plasma), in addition to then they tin move.  Plasma too transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, enzymes, dissolved gases, etc

- no fibers

- variety of jail cellphone types: 

i) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

- biconcave disc, has lost nucleus

- contains haemoglobin (Fe gives jail cellphone ruby-red colour, haemoglobin carries O2)

Source:  http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/white-blood-cell.htm

iii.  Platelets (vérlemezkék)

- tiny

-very of import inwards blood clotting

Source:  http://hematologyoutlines.com/atlas_topics/165?topic=Agranular%20Platelets*&cb=inline_content_10

3.  Muscle Tissue
a) Skeletal Muscle
-attaches to skeleton (via tendons)
- voluntary movement
- powerful, rapid contractions, simply tires quickly
- long, cylindrical cells alongside striations (stripes), hence too called striated muscle
- cells are bundled together in addition to enclosed past times connection tissue to shape a musculus (eg. bicep)

Organization of skeletal muscle
Source:  http://quizlet.com/3238205/muscle-tissue-flash-cards/

Source:  http://faculty.sdmiramar.edu/faculty/sdccd/kpetti/bio160/documents%20biol160.htm

Source:  http://stevegallik.org/sites/histologyolm.stevegallik.org/htmlpages/HOLM_Chapter07_Page04.html

b)  Smooth Muscle

- on walls of internal organs, such every bit blood vessels, bladder, intestinal wall.

- involuntary muscle, contracts slowly, fatigues slowly, contractions are weak, simply long-lasting

- it contains myofibrils, simply the organization is different, in addition to then no striations are visible.

Source:  http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/histology_mh/nonstria.html

c)  Cardiac musculus (heart)

- striated, simply fibers branch at ends in addition to are connected to each other past times junctions in addition to then signals move past times rapidly betwixt cells in addition to they all contract together.

-  rapid, powerful contractions

- rhythmic in addition to involuntary

- practice non fatigue.

Source:  http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/muscular/muscle14.htm

4.  Nerve Tissue

- makes upward the nervous scheme (brain, spinal cord, ganglia in addition to nerves)

i) Supporting cells

- support, protect in addition to provide nutrients to the neurones

- glial cells inwards encephalon in addition to spinal cord: astrocytes (transport of gases, nutrients in addition to wastes to in addition to from 1the blood), oligodendrocytes (form myelin), microglia (role inwards phagocytosis)

Astrocytes
Source:  http://astrocyte.info/

Source:http://blustein.tripod.com/Oligodendrocytes/oligodendrocytes.htm

Source:  http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/introductionneuropathology/Response%20_to_Injury/Microglia.htm

Source:  http://keck.bioimaging.wisc.edu/lecture-series-2006-2007.html

- Schwann cells are constitute inwards the peripheral nervous scheme where they shape the myelin sheath

Source:  http://faculty.southwest.tn.edu/rburkett/A&P1_nervous_system_lab.htm

Source:  http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Schwann_Cell

ii) Neurons

- feel stimuli in addition to command reactions to them

- mail nervus impulses to organs to brand them react

https://www.boundless.com/psychology/the-brain-and-behavior/neurons/introducing-the-neuron/

- impulses period of time through a neuron from the dendrite to the axon

Source:  http://learnzoology.wordpress.com/tag/neuron-tissue/

- Types of neurons are based on their processes

- Bipolar neurons convey 1 dendrite in addition to 1 axon

- Unipolar neurons solely convey on process, typically constitute inwards the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord (more on that later)

- Multipolar neurons convey multiple dendrites in addition to 1 axon.  This are the most mutual type of neuron

- Pyramidal jail cellphone is a neuron constitute inwards the encephalon alongside 1 axon in addition to multiple dendrites.  Its mention comes from the triangular shape of the jail cellphone body

- three kinds:  motor neurons (mozgató), sensory neurons (erző) in addition to interneurons (társító)

Source:  http://learnzoology.wordpress.com/tag/neuron-tissue/

- Motor neurons command effector organs, similar muscles in addition to glands

- Sensory neurons have the sensory data from the environment.

- Interneurons connect the sensory in addition to motor neurons to each other.

Neurons are bundled together to form nerves

Nerve fibres may be motor, sensory or mixed, depending on what sort of neurons they contain.